Impacts of Social and Demographic Factors on Residents’ Subjective Well-being in Rural China

Abstract

The objective of social development is to construct a harmonious society. In China, the key to a harmonious society is the happiness of more than 900 million farmers living in the rural areas. This study aimed to measure rural residents’ subjective well-being (SWB) through the day reconstruction method, as well as to analyze SWB’s influencing factors through a variety of statistical methods. The results showed that the average U index was 12.79%, indicating that respondents were unhappy 12.79% of the time. Twenty-seven percent of the population had a U index greater than 0, with the average value being 47%, indicating that these people were unhappy 47% of the time. The study also found that SWB varied according to the characteristics of the respondents. Logistic regression analysis showed that social and demographic factors, including age, education, county, household size, generation number, per capita income, migration status and social networking, which significantly affected rural residents’ SWB. The size of the impact varied with the different factors.     

稠油热采高风险作业现场安全管理研究与实践

稠油热采作业是海上平台一项高风险作业,南堡油田是多元热流体吞吐稠油热采作业的实验基地,通过几年的现场实践和持续改进,形成了热采等高风险作业系统的安全管理方法.在人员管理方面实行个体差异化管理,人员编制上采取定编定岗制度,根据工作态度实行刚性和弹性管理.以体系为基础,细化安全工具,推出区域承包责任制、五分钟示范教育、安全协管员、作业许可证双签、四定原则和过程风险控制等一系列有效措施.通过制约因素分析、细化工作界面、关键参数跟踪、阶段性纠偏总结会等提高质量管理.该套风险控制方法确保了八井次热采以及其他多项高风险作业的安全顺利进行,并被固化下来组成了油田的安全文化.     

办公室电脑操作者的职业危害研究

本文以研究电脑办公作业的职业危害为出发点,详细分析了电脑办公可能对人类身体、心理及大脑等多个方面造成的伤害,并在此基础上,针对不同类型的伤害从预防电脑辐射以及安全人机工程学的角度上提出了相应的预防措施,并得出以下几点结论:从安全人机的角度,应改进现有的办公家具,设计出更加安全、人性的办公家具,将电脑办公的职业危害降到最低;办公时应采取正确的操作方法,同时注意不要长时间地持续使用电脑并注意加强预防辐射的防范措施.     

Development of a Fish-Based Index of Biotic Integrity for Wadeable Streams in Southern China

With economic development in China, human-induced pressures on aquatic environments have grown and created an urgent need for tools measuring the ecological condition of aquatic systems. However, biological indicators for wadeable streams in China were poorly developed. This study developed and validated a multi-metric index of fish assemblages for wadeable streams of southern China to meet the requirement of the water project which has been carried on in China in recent years. Fifty-seven stream sites were sampled in April–May and November–December 2010 to develop an index of biotic integrity. A set of 45 candidate metrics were evaluated for range, responsiveness and redundancy, resulting in the selection of six metrics for the index: number of native species, number of rheophilic species, proportion of benthic riffle individuals, number of lithophilic species, number of omnivore species, and number of fish per hour sampling. The publicly available census data were used as independent data set to validate our method. Twenty-three sites were assessed as subject to significant (SP) or non-significant pressures (NSP) based on anthropogenic pressure evaluation. Our index performed well in discriminating NSP and SP sites, which suggested that our method could provide an accurate measure for wadeable streams ecosystem condition. We believe this integrated approach would meet the requirements for the water projects of China, and the process of developing the method could be used as reference for managing the subtropical streams in other areas of China or other states.     

龙泉湖浮游植物群落分布及季节变化

2008年5月~2009年4月对龙泉湖的浮游植物群落结构进行了研究。结果表明:龙泉湖浮游植物共计8门,71属,225种(含变种和变型),种群结构主要以蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻为主。浮游植物种类组成季节变化显著,冬季、初春以硅藻为主,夏秋季以蓝藻为优势,并将优势从5月持续至10月。龙泉湖浮游植物数量变化在5.26×105个/L~636.77×105个/L之间,标志龙泉湖的水体营养程度较高。     

石化公司含油污水预处理涡凹气浮系统的应用

介绍了涡凹气浮系统的基本原理、基本结构和基本参数,以及与溶气气浮相比具有的运行效果稳定、能耗低、操作方便等特点。某石油化工公司在传统隔油池后采用涡凹气浮系统作为生化处理的预处理工艺,并根据夏季和冬季涡凹气浮系统进水水质的波动性,采取一定的保养和维护措施以保证系统高效、稳定运行,取得了良好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。     

济南市水生态文明与产业布局优化研究

济南市水资源主要存在着地下水限量开采、地表水严重不足、客水利用受到制约等问题。以济南市创建水利部水生态文明城市为背景,研究济南市水生态文明城市建设与产业布局优化,分析了济南市产业布局不合理给水资源保护和利用带来的严峻挑战,提出了以济南市水生态保护为目标的产业优化布局方案,建议大力发展水生态文明城市建设相关产业。     

Toxicity and behavioral response of zebrafish exposed to combined microplastic and bisphenol analogues

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Microplastics and bisphenol analogues are emerging environmental pollutants widely occurring in freshwaters. Harmful effects of microplastics and bisphenols have...     

Heterogeneous activation of persulfate by CuMgAl layered double oxide for catalytic degradation of sulfameter

In this study, a series of CuMgAl layered double oxides (CuMgAl-LDOs) were obtained via calcination of CuMgAl layered double hy-droxides (CuMgAl-LDHs) synthesised via a co-precipitation method. The results show that CuMgAl-LDO can be prepared using an optimal Cu:Mg:Al molar ratio of 3:3:2, NaOH:Na2CO3 molar ratio of 2:1, and calcination temperature of 600 °C. CuMgAl-LDO is a char-acteristic of mesoporous material with a lamellar structure and large specific surface area. The removal efficiency of sulfameter (SMD) based on CuMgAl-LDO/persulfate (PS) can reach>98％over a wide range of initial SMD concentrations (5–20 mg L-1). The best removal efficiency of 99.49％was achieved within 120 min using 10 mg L-1 SMD, 0.3 g L-1 CuMgAl-LDO, and 0.7 mmol L-1 PS. Kinetic analysis showed that the degradation of SMD was in accordance with a quasi-first-order kinetic model. The stability of the CuMgAl-LDO catalyst was verified by the high SMD removal efficiency (> 97％ within 120 min) observed after five recycling tests and low copper ion leaching concentration (0.89 mg L-1), which is below drinking water quality standard of 1.3 mg L-1 permittable in the U.S. Radical scavenging experiments suggest that SO·4- is the primary active species participating in the CuMgAl-LDO/PS system. Moreover, our mechanistic investigations based on the radical scavenging tests and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate that Cu(II)–Cu(III)–Cu(II) circulation is responsible for activating PS in the degradation of SMD and the degradation pathway for SMD was deduced. Accordingly, the results presented in this work demonstrate that CuMgAl-LDO may be an efficient and stable catalyst for the activation of PS during the degradation of organic pollutants. ? 2020, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communi-cations Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).     

The boosting of microwave roasting technology on the desulfurization of phosphate rock

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A green and-easy to operate method, the microwave technology, was developed to promote the desulfurization process of phosphate rock, systematically...